Death of An Industry studies the relationship between the turmoil of the garment industry and the People’s War in Nepal. It revisits how the expiry of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement led to a major politico-economic reshuffling in Nepal, and examines the formation of a new industrial working class thereafter. Resisting the abstractism of aid policy, it proposes a new lens for examining the garment industry’s embeddedness in local and global politics during a very long period of nationa transition. This book is an outcome of multi-sited research. Drawing on ethnographic and policy research, it captures the tensions between subaltern workers and disillusioned capitalists, as well as the legal frameworks of the global trade diplomacy and aid advisory bodies. This monograph explains the anti-politics of export competitiveness which made the wave of industrial destruction a necessary chapter for capitalism and development to prevail.